Systematic analysis of the molecular mechanisms mediated by coffee in Parkinson’s disease based on network pharmacology approach

• Coffee may a total of 12 active compounds mediating 47 PD-related targets to exert synergism, and molecular docking verified the great activity. exerts synergistic effect on PD through HIF-1 signaling pathway, TNF insulin resistance, serotonergic synapse, dopaminergic synapse. Significant coffee in including AKT1, CASP3, MAPK1, PTGS2, STAT3, TLR4, MMP9. HMOX1, ABCB1, SLC6A3, DRD4 be key target complexes coffee. Many epidemiological studies have associated consumption with reduced Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk, but mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, systematic pharmacological bioinformatics approaches were employed explore bioactive components potential mediated by PD. We identified targets, which might synergism because some enriched multiple pathways biological processes. The compound–target network protein–protein interaction exemplified multi-component multi-target Furthermore, assessment activity between targets. These results showed that exerted effects against PD-associated numerous provided new perspective for scientific research exploring